The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) reports that breast cancer accounts for a staggering 28.2% of all cancers in Indian women, making it one of the most pressing health concerns today. As cases rise, the need for advanced surgical options becomes crucial in improving patient outcomes. Modern techniques not only focus on effectively treating cancer but also aim to reduce the physical and emotional toll of surgery. For those facing a diagnosis, understanding the latest surgical innovations is key to making informed decisions. Read on to learn about the cutting-edge techniques that help patients choose the best approach for their care and recovery.
Breast cancer surgery has evolved to incorporate advanced techniques that not only aim to remove the tumour effectively but also focus on improving cosmetic outcomes and reducing complications. These innovations include minimally invasive approaches, such as oncoplastic surgery, sentinel lymph node biopsy, and nipple-sparing mastectomy. Let’s explore these options further.
Oncoplastic surgery is a cutting-edge technique that combines the removal of cancerous tissue with cosmetic breast surgery to enhance the post-surgical appearance. It’s particularly beneficial for patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery, such as a lumpectomy. In oncoplastic procedures, the surgeon removes the tumour and then reshapes the remaining breast tissue to improve symmetry and appearance.
For patients undergoing a mastectomy, oncoplastic surgery may involve immediate breast reconstruction, which can be done using implants or autologous tissue (tissue from the patient’s body). This technique not only improves the aesthetic results but also helps reduce the psychological impact of breast cancer surgery, offering patients better post-surgical confidence and emotional well-being.
Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a less invasive technique used to check whether breast cancer has spread to the lymph nodes. Instead of removing multiple lymph nodes, the surgeon identifies and removes only the sentinel node—the first node that cancer is likely to spread to from the tumour.
This procedure significantly reduces the need for a full axillary lymph node dissection, which can cause complications such as lymphedema (swelling due to lymph fluid build-up). SLNB not only decreases the likelihood of these side effects but also allows for a faster recovery and fewer long-term complications for patients.
A nipple-sparing mastectomy is an advanced surgical technique that preserves the nipple and areola while removing the underlying breast tissue affected by cancer. This approach is ideal for patients with tumours located away from the nipple, making them suitable candidates for this technique. Nipple-sparing mastectomy offers superior cosmetic results, as it allows for the preservation of the breast’s natural appearance. Moreover, studies show that this procedure is oncologically safe, meaning it does not compromise the cancer treatment's effectiveness. However, the suitability of this surgery depends on the tumour’s location and stage, which should be discussed with the oncologist.
Intraoperative Radiation Therapy (IORT) is an innovative treatment option where radiation is delivered directly to the tumour site during surgery. This technique reduces the overall treatment time, as it limits the need for extended radiation therapy post-surgery. IORT is often used for patients undergoing a lumpectomy for early-stage breast cancer. By targeting the tumour site directly, IORT reduces radiation exposure to healthy surrounding tissues, minimising side effects and making the treatment more focused and efficient.
Breast reconstruction is an integral part of breast cancer surgery for many patients. Advances in technology, such as 3D imaging, now allow for the creation of custom implants or the use of bioengineered tissue to achieve more natural-looking results.
There are two major types of breast reconstruction:
Patients can opt for immediate reconstruction during the cancer removal surgery or delayed reconstruction, which may be more suitable if additional treatments like chemotherapy or radiation are required post-surgery. Each option has its own benefits, and the choice depends on the patient’s overall treatment plan.
As with any surgery, breast cancer surgery comes with risks, including infection, scarring, and complications from anaesthesia. Some patients may also experience changes in breast sensation or require additional surgeries to achieve the desired cosmetic result. It’s also important to be aware of potential complications such as lymphedema—especially in cases where lymph nodes are removed—and changes in body image that may affect psychological well-being. Patients should discuss these considerations with their surgeon and ensure proper follow-up care, including physical therapy, to restore mobility and minimise the risk of long-term complications.
Advancements in breast cancer surgery have revolutionised treatment options, offering more effective ways to remove cancer while improving patient quality of life. From minimally invasive surgeries to immediate reconstruction options, these techniques not only treat the disease but also help patients maintain a sense of normalcy after their surgery. If you or a loved one is facing breast cancer, it’s essential to discuss the latest surgical techniques with your oncologist or surgeon to determine which approach is best for your individual case.
Facing breast cancer surgery? At AS LifeLine Cancer Care Hospital, we offer the latest surgical techniques and a comprehensive care plan to support you through every step of your treatment and recovery. Contact us and our seasoned team of experts will guide you towards the best possible outcomes.
